{"id":4650,"date":"2024-09-03T06:14:44","date_gmt":"2024-09-03T04:14:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.oagal.com\/uncategorized\/critical-look-democracy-index-economist-intelligence-unit-eiu\/"},"modified":"2026-03-15T10:03:11","modified_gmt":"2026-03-15T09:03:11","slug":"critical-look-democracy-index-economist-intelligence-unit-eiu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.oagal.com\/en\/literature-democracy\/research-science\/critical-look-democracy-index-economist-intelligence-unit-eiu\/","title":{"rendered":"A critical look at the Democracy Index of the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><\/p>\n<p>The analytical arm of EIU within The Economist Group\u2014which also publishes the renowned magazine *The Economist*\u2014annually releases its <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eiu.com\/n\/campaigns\/democracy-index-2023\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Democracy Index, available for download here<\/a>. The Democracy Index is an important reference both nationally and internationally. When even <a href=\"https:\/\/fn.no\/Statistikk\/demokratiindeksen\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the United Nations refers to the index<\/a>, it says much about its standing.<\/p>\n<p>The EIU Democracy Index 2023 once again places Norway at the very top among the world\u2019s full democracies. As with other evaluations, the ranking is published the year following the index year, meaning in 2024. Nearly 200 countries are evaluated across five categories comprising a total of 60 indicators (see table), forming the basis for Norway\u2019s score of 9.81.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Read also:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oagal.com\/organisasjoner\/v-dem-demokratiindeks-akademisk-tyngde-verdens-demokratier\/\">V-Dem publishes an academically robust report on the world\u2019s democracies<\/a><\/p>\n<h3>The Norwegian democracy is not quite that perfect<\/h3>\n<p>It is perhaps as close to \u201cperfect\u201d as one can get in such a survey, but the Norwegian democracy is not perfect, given the national parliament\u2019s monopoly of power through representative governance without elements of direct democracy.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Read more:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oagal.com\/litteratur-demokrati\/economist-eiu-demokratiindeksen-2023-uheldig-ar\/\">The Economist\u2019s Democracy Index shows 2023 as an unfortunate year for the world\u2019s democracies<\/a><\/p>\n<p>The question is whether EIU has accounted for the new Electoral Act adopted on June 16, 2023, in the evaluation that awarded Norway first place. Admittedly, the law did not take effect until May 1, 2024. Since 2024 is not an election year, its impact will first be felt in 2025\u2014and potentially only then be registered by EIU in its analysis for that year, to be published in 2026.<\/p>\n<p>Another question is whether EIU has chosen a response scale that sufficiently reflects the nuances of respondents\u2019 assessments. The chosen scale is yes (score 1), no (score 0), or intermediate (score 0.5), rather than, for example, a 1\u20135 scale. When evaluating a well-functioning democracy like Norway, it may be tempting to choose 1 rather than 0.5, which can feel overly negative, and Norway may therefore appear stronger than is warranted.<\/p>\n<p>The same effect may influence other democracies in one direction or the other\u2014up or down. EIU has chosen not to use a scale such as 1\u20135, but such a scale could have allowed respondents to nuance their answers in a way that might have made the Democracy Index more accurate and credible.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Read more:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oagal.com\/meninger\/debatt\/valgloven-svekker-demokratiet-utestengelse-smaapartiene\/\">The new Electoral Act excludes small parties and weakens democracy<\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Should Norway have received a deduction?<\/h3>\n<p>In the survey, the total score for each of the five categories is adjusted if countries do not score 1 on the following critical areas for democracy:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Whether national elections are free and fair (Category I, Question 2)<\/li>\n<li>Voter security (Category I, Question 5)<\/li>\n<li>Foreign powers\u2019 influence on the government (Category II, Question 17)<\/li>\n<li>The public administration\u2019s ability to implement policy (Category II, Question 23)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>EIU states that if the scores for the first three questions are 0 (or 0.5), one point (0.5 points) is deducted from the index in the relevant category (either electoral process and pluralism or functioning of government). If the score for question 4 is 0, one point is deducted from the functioning of government category.<\/p>\n<p>Given that Norway scores a full 10 out of 10 in Category I and 9.64 in Category II, no such deduction has been applied.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Read more:<\/strong> Oagal\u2019s model with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oagal.com\/meninger\/oagal-mener\/bekymret-oagal-modellen-styrke-det-norske-demokratiet\/\">measures to strengthen democracy in Norway<\/a><\/p>\n<h3>EU legal dictates and unfair electoral rules not registered by EIU<\/h3>\n<p>The Electoral Law Committee pointed out that the four-percent threshold for leveling seats was not fair\u2014during the period in which EIU conducted its analysis for the 2023 Democracy Index. This should have resulted in a 0.5-point deduction in Category I with respect to Question 2. Both <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oagal.com\/innbygger-deltakelse\/valglovutvalget-sperregrense-tre-prosent-stortinget-nektet\/\">the committee\u2019s recommendation to reduce the threshold to three percent<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oagal.com\/innbygger-deltakelse\/bjornar-moxnes-onsket-lavere-sperregrense-utjevningsmandater\/\">MP Bj\u00f8rnar Moxnes\u2019 proposal for a two-percent threshold<\/a> were rejected. This still qualifies for a deduction.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Read more:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oagal.com\/innbygger-deltakelse\/stortingsrepresentant-erlend-wiborg-onsket-innbyggerinitierte-folkeavstemninger\/\">Parliament voted down constitutional proposals for citizen-initiated referendums<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Furthermore, regardless of whether one supports or opposes the EU, the foreign power of the EU exerts significant influence over the government (Question 17). This entails that <a href=\"https:\/\/europalov.no\/oversikt\/nye-eu-vedtak\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a steady stream of EU legislation<\/a> must be implemented directly pursuant to the EEA Agreement. Many today also question the public administration\u2019s ability to implement policy, although it likely performs well compared to many other countries. Still, taken together for Category II, should Norway have received a 0.5-point deduction?<\/p>\n<h3>Can you realistically give top scores on all of these?<\/h3>\n<p>Even though Norway deservedly scores at the top, it nevertheless appears questionable to award top scores on many of the other indicators. On this basis, it is well worth raising doubts about whether the sources EIU has used have been representative\u2014whether in terms of survey participants, expert panels, or other inputs.<\/p>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-3\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-3\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Hovedkriterier<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Underkriterier<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">I. Valgprosess og pluralisme<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">1. Er valg til nasjonalforsamling og statsoverhode frie?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">2. Er valg til nasjonalforsamling og statsoverhode rettferdige?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">3. Er kommunevalg b\u00e5de frie og rettferdige?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">4. Er det allmenn stemmerett for alle voksne?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">5. Kan borgere avgi stemme uten trusler mot deres sikkerhet?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">6. Gir lovene like kampanjemuligheter for alle?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-8\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">7. Er finansieringen av politiske partier transparent og generelt akseptert?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-9\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">8. Er de konstitusjonelle mekanismene for overf\u00f8ring av makt fra \u00e9n regjering til en annen klare, etablerte og aksepterte?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-10\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">9. Er borgere frie til \u00e5 danne politiske partier uavhengig av regjeringen?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-11\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">10. Har opposisjonspartier en realistisk sjanse til \u00e5 oppn\u00e5 regjeringsmakt?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-12\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">11. Er tilgangen til offentlige embeter \u00e5pen for alle borgere?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-13\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">12. Er borgere tillatt \u00e5 danne politiske og sivile organisasjoner uten statlig innblanding og overv\u00e5king?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-14\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">II. Myndighetenes funksjon<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">13. Bestemmer fritt valgte representanter regjeringspolitikken?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-15\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">14. Er nasjonalforsamlingen det h\u00f8yeste politiske organet med klar overlegenhet over andre grener av regjeringen?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-16\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">15. Finnes det et effektivt system for kontroll og balanse i ut\u00f8velsen av regjeringsmyndigheten?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-17\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">16. Er regjeringen fri fra urettmessig innflytelse fra milit\u00e6ret eller sikkerhetstjenestene?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-18\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">17. Bestemmer utenlandske makter og organisasjoner viktige regjeringsfunksjoner eller -politikk?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-19\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">18. Har spesielle \u00f8konomiske, religi\u00f8se eller andre mektige innenlandske grupper betydelig politisk makt parallelt med demokratiske institusjoner?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-20\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">19. Er det tilstrekkelige mekanismer og institusjoner for \u00e5 sikre regjeringens ansvarlighet overfor velgerne mellom valgene?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-21\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">20. Strekker regjeringens myndighet seg over hele landets territorium?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-22\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">21. Er regjeringens funksjon \u00e5pen og gjennomsiktig, med tilstrekkelig offentlig tilgang til informasjon?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-23\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">22. Hvor utbredt er korrupsjon?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-24\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">23. Er offentlig forvaltning villig til og i stand til \u00e5 gjennomf\u00f8re regjeringens politikk?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-25\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">24. Folkelig oppfatning om i hvilken grad borgerne har frihet til \u00e5 velge og kontrollere sine liv.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-26\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">25. Offentlig tillit til regjeringen.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-27\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">26. Offentlig tillit til politiske partier.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-28\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">III. Politisk deltakelse<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">27. Valgdeltakelse\/oppm\u00f8te ved nasjonale valg.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-29\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">28. Har etniske, religi\u00f8se og andre minoriteter en rimelig grad av autonomi og stemme i den politiske prosessen?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-30\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">29. Kvinner i parlamentet.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-31\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">30. Omfang av politisk deltakelse. Medlemskap i politiske partier og politiske ikke-statlige organisasjoner.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-32\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">31. Borgernes engasjement i politikk.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-33\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">32. Befolkningens beredskap til \u00e5 delta i lovlige demonstrasjoner.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-34\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">33. Voksenoppl\u00e6ringsniv\u00e5 (lese- og skriveferdigheter).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-35\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">34. Omfang av hvor stor del av den voksne befolkningen som viser interesse for og f\u00f8lger med p\u00e5 politikk i nyhetene.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-36\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">35. Gj\u00f8r myndighetene en seri\u00f8s innsats for \u00e5 fremme politisk deltakelse?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-37\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">IV. Demokratisk politisk kultur<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">36. Er det tilstrekkelig grad av samfunnsmessig konsensus og sammenheng for \u00e5 underst\u00f8tte et stabilt, fungerende demokrati?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-38\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">37. Oppfatninger om lederskap; andel av befolkningen som \u00f8nsker en sterk leder som g\u00e5r utenom parlamentet og valgene.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-39\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">38. Oppfatninger om milit\u00e6rstyre; andel av befolkningen som ville foretrekke milit\u00e6rstyre.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-40\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">39. Oppfatninger om styre av eksperter eller teknokratisk regjering; andel av befolkningen som ville foretrekke styre av eksperter eller teknokrater.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-41\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">40. Oppfatning om demokrati og offentlig orden; andel av befolkningen som mener at demokratier ikke er gode til \u00e5 opprettholde offentlig orden.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-42\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">41. Oppfatning om demokrati og det \u00f8konomiske systemet; andel av befolkningen som mener at demokratier gagner \u00f8konomisk ytelse.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-43\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">42. Grad av folkelig st\u00f8tte til demokrati.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-44\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">43. Er det en sterk tradisjon for adskillelse mellom kirke og stat?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-45\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">V. Sivile rettigheter<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">44. Er det et fritt elektronisk media?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-46\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">45. Er det en fri trykkpresse?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-47\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">46. Er det ytringsfrihet og rett til \u00e5 protestere (bar generelt aksepterte begrensninger, som \u00e5 forby oppfordring til vold)?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-48\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">47. Er mediedekningen robust? Er det \u00e5pen og fri diskusjon om offentlige sp\u00f8rsm\u00e5l, med rimelig mangfold av meninger?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-49\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">48. Finnes det politiske restriksjoner p\u00e5 tilgang til Internett?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-50\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">49. Er borgere frie til \u00e5 danne profesjonelle organisasjoner og fagforeninger?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-51\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">50. Gir institusjoner borgerne muligheten til \u00e5 fremme klager til regjeringen?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-52\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">51. Statens bruk av tortur.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-53\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">52. Graden av domstolenes uavhengighet fra regjeringens innflytelse.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-54\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">53. Graden av religi\u00f8s toleranse og frihet til religi\u00f8s ytring.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-55\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">54. Graden av likebehandling av borgere etter loven.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-56\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">55. Har borgere grunnleggende sikkerhet?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-57\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">56. Omfanget av beskyttelse av privat eiendomsrett og frihet for privat n\u00e6ringsvirksomhet fra urimelig statlig innblanding.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-58\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">57. I hvilken grad nyter borgerne personlige friheter.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-59\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">58. Folkelig oppfatning om beskyttelse av menneskerettigheter; andel av befolkningen som mener at grunnleggende menneskerettigheter er godt beskyttet.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-60\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">59. Finnes det betydelig diskriminering basert p\u00e5 rase, farge eller religi\u00f8s overbevisning?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-61\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">60. I hvilken grad p\u00e5beroper regjeringen seg nye risikoer og trusler som en unnskyldning for \u00e5 innskrenke sivile rettigheter.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-3 from cache -->\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The analytical arm of EIU within The Economist Group\u2014which also publishes the renowned magazine *The Economist*\u2014annually releases its Democracy Index, available for download here. The Democracy Index is an important reference both nationally and internationally. When even the United Nations refers to the index, it says much about its standing. The EIU Democracy Index 2023 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":3497,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[279,277],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4650","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-literature-democracy","category-research-science","et-has-post-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>A critical look at the Democracy Index \u2014 are the right countries at the top?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Is the country ranked at the top of the Economist Intelligence Unit\u2019s (EIU) Democracy Index for 2023 really the world\u2019s best democracy in practice?\" 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